Impact Of Using Flash Cards English Language Essay

Impact Of Using Flash Cards English Language Essay Vocabulary as the essence of a language is one of main tools for language learning, and has been the object of many studies. In fact, the vocabulary learning is considered as the heart of language learning and main component of language teaching (Laufer, 1997).In the past, the vocabulary was given little priority in the literature of English language learning and teaching, and received only incidental attention in textbooks (Hedge, 2008; Richards Renandya, 2002). This may refer to the assumption that expressed the lexical instruction is not necessarybecause it can be occurred by itself (Moir nation, 2008). Therefore, this assumption made the vocabulary teaching no popular on that time (Nation, 1990). Several studies have recently discussed about lexical problem of language learners. For example, communication is generally associated with the lexical problems because it breaks down when people do not know the right words to use (Allen, 1983; Bowen, 1985). Nowadays, it is more accepted that vocabulary plays an important role in a language learning and teaching. For example, Griffiths (2003, 2006) showed the importance of vocabulary teaching to the language learners has been acknowledged. Hence, there is an increasing interest in the vocabulary learning as main part of every language learning and teaching. Although there is a number of studies on the field of vocabulary learning (Folse, 2004; Hunt Beglar, 2005), but its most effective means is still unclear (de Groot, 2006). For vocabulary learning, one way is finding the means of words in the dictionary and adding them in ones vocabularies. Another way is using vocabulary card or flash card that is faster process than the previous way to increase word power. The flash cards can be studies almost anywhere and anytime, especially when one has a free time, even very short (Brown, 2000). In addition, they can be arranged as logical groups of the target words (Cohen, 1990; Gairns Redman, 1990).Some studies reported that language learners could more effectively improve their vocabulary by using the flash cards instead of word lists (MondriaMondria-de Vries, 1994; Schmitt Schmitt, 1995). In the history of language teaching, the flash cards have been used for many purposes such as (1) to improve word recognition ability of students who are poor in reading skill (Culyer, 1988); (2) to practice vocabulary development of student during their foreign language learning (Ervin, 1988);(3) to teach English as second l anguage (Hart, 1982); (4) for teaching structure of sentences, articles, propositions, and tenses (Palka, 1988), and; (5) to improve the reading and comprehension speed (Tan Nicholson, 1997). Ehri and Roberts (1979) compared language learning ability of first graders based on printed words in context and in isolation. Their results indicated children with flashcard-training base learned more about the orthographic form of words, while the context-trained children learned more about the word semantic identities.Cuvo and Klatt (1992) evaluated the impacts of three instructional conditions: 1) teaching sight words by using flash cards; 2) community-referenced sight words, and 3) teaching the phrases with a videotape setting and sight words with the natural symbols in community to youths with moderate mental retardation. The results represented that learning and recognition of the community-referenced sight words was very fast in all three conditions, while a generalization from the flashcard and videotape conditions occurred to the community sites. These results confirmed the positive effects ofusing flash cards for learning a language; even some studies have reported that t he flash cardsshould be used as a tool for creating fun in classrooms (Nicholson, 1998). Report byDin and Wienke(2001) showed using flash card is an effective approach in learning and training of chemistry vocabulary and study for high school teachers and students. In addition, study about effects of using flash card and word list approaches on language learning ability of EFL student (Learning of foreign language vocabulary) determined no significant difference in the effectiveness of both methods Baleghizadeh and Ashoori (2011). The literature review indicates that efficiency of using flash cards method in the vocabulary learning and teaching process is limited, and needs to be re-evaluated. Review of literature Acquisition of vocabulary is one of the most challenging parts for language learning. In order to solve the problem of forgetting learnt words by language learners through the time, teachers can attempt to use learning devices into their classes. Thus, this study would like to present a newvocabulary learning tool that called Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC). Many researchers agree that curriculum designers and EFL educators will feel that their responsibility in language learning and teaching is more sensitive after knowing there are individual differences in learning process.Furthermore, it will help them to fit teaching and learning in order to develop studentsEFL learning potentials, and to support students to become familiar with the approaches they can learn most effectively. In addition, it canassist to the students forcreating and developingother techniques and tools which can motivate language learners more than before. Better understanding on studentsopinions about the vocabular y learning process and using techniques enables teachers to design and provide suitable materials and activities for improving the students vocabulary learning and lexical competence. Problems resulted from lack of vocabulary knowledge may be the main barriers to successful language learning. Therefore, finding solutions for these problems may greatly help both language students and teachers. To prepare guidelines for solving vocabulary acquisition problems, the first step is to discover those problems and identify their nature. Hence, this study by revealing main problems of vocabulary learning and give solutions to them helps English teachers, students, curriculum designers, and may be parents to change their using strategies for English language learning to the new and more applicable ones such as Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC) using. Flashcard is a card, one side of card includes new vocabulary and the other side includes translation or synonym. According to EslahkarKomachali and Khodareza (2012) flashcard for EFL teaching or self-study has been useful tool for teachers and learners.Nation (2001) describes this strategy in learning vocabulary in another language that a learner writes foreign word on one side of a small card, and its translation of the first language on the other. The learner goes through a set of cards and tries to recall its meaning.as Tan and Nicholson (1997) stated flashcards have been used to improve both comprehension and reading speed.Some researchers have criticized using flashcard for stressing memorization over comprehension and others have argued that they should be used as a devise to create fun classrooms (Nicholson, 1998). In the past more teachersemphasized on the grammar, they pay less attention on the learning vocabulary. While grammar translation approach to the teaching of language provided a balanced diet of grammar and vocabulary, audiolinguisticssuggested that emphasis should be strongly on the acquisition of the grammar patterns of the language (Shakouri and Mehrgan, 2012).It was believed that if learners were able to internalize these basic patterns, their large vocabulary building comes later (Nunan, 1991). There are some reasons and factors about why teachers neglected vocabulary in the past.During the period 1940-1979,Allen (1983) outlined two reasons: (1) it has emphasize too much in language classroom during the years before that time, and people considered it as the only key to language learning, and; (2) the meaning of words couldnot adequately be thought, so it is better not to try to teach them. Results from Zimmerman (1997) would also lead us to think that most second language learners have traditionally been through by methods gave minimal attention to vocabulary, so it seems reasonable to expect most teachers will continue to neglect vocabulary language, whether it is because of the methods by which they have learn the methods by which they are learning. Conclusions Researchers are always trying to find appropriate ways to facilitate learning vocabulary. Learning vocabulary is different in different situations and levels. Using flash cards comes from anaudio-lingualmethod. Teachers pay less attention to using flashcard in teaching and methodology. This article tries to determine the effect of using flashcard on promoting students knowledge of vocabulary,according to shakoori and mehrgan (2012) using flashcard is not effective in learning abstract words. For teaching abstract words it is better to create context, whileusing flashcard enhances learning vocabulary. Both students participations in classroom activities and performances on vocabulary test have been significantly increased after using flashcard. This study indicates there was different between using flashcard and traditional teaching method. They believed that using flashcard is much better than traditional method according to four reasons.(Mondriya and mondria-de vries, 1994; nalcata; schmith and achmitt, 1995) . First new words can be easily practiced extensively with flashcard. Learners can separate cards into several categories based on their difficulty level. It helps them to review the new words. Second, working with flashcard increases vocabulary retrieval. Since learners are presented with a second language word and its definition on the other side of the card, they can easily practice new words and recall their meanings in as much as the words appear on two different sides of the card. Third learning words through traditional method, because some words may receive less attention than others because of the particular positions in the class. Nevertheless, there is not such a problem in learning with flashcard since th ey tend to be more flexible.

Smart Prepaid Energy Meter Using GSM Module

Smart Prepaid Energy Meter Using GSM Module Abstract This paper aims at proposing a system that reduces the power loss and power theft due to illegal activities. This framework embraces another strategy known as prepaid power. The GSM module is utilized so that the client can persistently be educated of the energy utilization and if the sum energized achieves a base worth, it alarms the client to energize. The fundamental point of this task is to lessen the long lines at power charging counters and to remove the power naturally if the bill is not paid. The mechanized power charging framework stays informed regarding the continuous utilization and leaves little degree for contradiction on charging and utilization. GSM is a cell system which implies that cellular telephones unite with it via looking for cells in the prompt region. A kind of system in which zone is separated into cells, every served by its own reception apparatus, handset and is assigned a band of frequencies that is unique in neighboring cells to maintain a strategic dis tance from contortion in signs is known as a phone system. I.  Introduction The present energy use perusing is made physically by moving to shopper areas. This obliges substantial number of works and long meeting expectations hours to perform this errand. Manual charging is once in a while confined and deferred because of awful climate. The printed charging infrequently may get lost. Shrewd prepaid energy meter has been proposed as an inventive arrangement went for encouraging reasonableness and decreasing the expense of utilities. This requires the clients to pay for the power before its utilization. At first, the prepaid card is energized for a certain sum. The setup of Smart Energy meter utilizing GSM advancement makes the clients to pay for the energy before its usage. A gameplan is moreover made to close the client with the aid of GSM correspondence module when their credit in their offset goes low. This system has been proposed as an imaginative response for the issue of sensibility in utilities structure. Since a microcontroller based structure is being made, the readings can be continually recorded. This diminishes human work and meanwhile constructs the viability in calculation of bills for used energy. Brilliant energy meters will bring an answer of making mindfulness on wastage of energy and will tend to decrease wastage of power. This module will reduce the heaviness of energy giving by building the association viably and no thievery of energy will happen. II.  Existing system The current situation of recording energy utilization is by physically moving to shoppers area and composing the perusing. This obliges vast number of works and long living up to expectations hours to complete this errand. Manual charging is infrequently limited and postponed because of terrible climate. We propose a Smart prepaid energy meter has gone for recording and paying bill calm. This requires the clients to pay for the power before its whole utilization is over. The printed charging at times may get lost. III.  Proposed system This framework has been proposed as a creative answer for the issue of reasonableness in utilities framework. Since a microcontroller based framework is being planned, the readings can be persistently recorded. This diminishes human work and in the meantime builds the productivity in estimation of bills for utilized power. Brilliant energy meters will bring an answer of making mindfulness on superfluous wastage of energy and will have a tendency to lessen wastage of energy. This module will lessen the weight of energy giving by securing the association effectively and no robbery of energy will occur. We make a few suppositions, for example, we consider rough duty in the sim card furthermore expect the specified levy to be contrasted and energy meter readings. The GSM innovation is utilized so that the customer would get messages about the utilization of energy (in watts) and on the off chance that it achieves the base sum, it would naturally caution the shopper to revive. This innovation holds useful for all power appropriation organizations, private groups, IT stops and self-containing lodging ventures. The execution of this task will help in better energy administration, protection of energy furthermore in getting rid of the superfluous bothers over wrong charging. IV. Literature survey Ben Belghith, O.,Sbita, L. proposed a method to monitor and control photovoltaic system [1].Photovoltaic system is used to generate electricity using sun light, solar cells are used.a sensor network is created with start topology.LABVIEW is used to manage sensor sensors.In this paper, the author proposed a remote monitoring technique to replace the manual monitoring and checking of the proper working of the cells.GSM module is used for remote controlling. A sensor network is established in a remote large area to study the environmental conditions. Punetha.D.,Mehta, V. proposes a method to use this technique to send the details to the registered GSM [2] . The receiver end gets the information whenever he needs and if any update is there, it is sent as a message to the user. Mohammad .N.,Barua, A. ; Arafat, M.A. uses GSM module to recharge when electricity is needed .[3]. This is done using the pin number in the scratch card. Song Lai-quan ,Sun Huai-yuan ; Zhou Yu-dong ; Ge Bin proposes a method to bring the blood pressure details of the patient to his cell phone.[4] This reduces time wastage and gives accurate result. V.  Experimental setup The components utilized as a part of this project are PIC controller otherwise called Peripheral Interface Controller are utilized due to their minimal effort, wide accessibility, extensive client base, far reaching accumulation of utilization notes, accessibility of ease or free advancement devices, and serial programming and re-programming with blaze memory capability.It is utilized to give an interface between the energy meter and GSM module.It contrasts the qualities with send the revive update or demonstrate that energize has been fruitful or not. GSM module otherwise called Global System for Mobile, is a kind of cell network.It is utilized to join with the system. LCD otherwise called liquid crystal display is utilized to show the messages/ reminders.It is a level board. Power supply gives electric power and proselytes AC to low voltage. Energy meter is utilized to gauge the measure of energy devoured. Output load is the output terminal, the outcome obtanined will be shown. The PIC microcontroller 18f452 goes about as the essential controller,collects data from energy meter and additionally from the sim card. The energy meter perusing is contrasted and the sim card data by the microcontroller. The coding underscores the way that it diminishes human work however builds the proficiency in count of bills for utilized power. The GSM modem is serially joined with the controller which is the real correspondence module in the middle of client and meter. The GSM correspondence module is utilized to send message to the client about the units of energy devoured and the current accessible parity sum in the prepaid card to the client. A Liquid Crystal Display is utilized to show the expended energy and the offset add up to the outside world. The client will get a caution on coming to the base offset and the energy will be cut off utilizing transfer switch when the revived sum gets spent. Rationale is made that fluctuates the energy utilization as indicated by the use of burden, so under no heap, there is no energy utilization and no diminishment in the sum that is revived. The framework wipes out charging postponement, uproots expense included in detachment/reconnection, empowers controlled utilization of energy, and helps clients to spare cash through better energy administration. VI. Discussion The configuration of Smart Energy meter using GSM innovation makes the users to pay for the power before its utilization. A course of action is additionally made to close the user with the assistance of GSM correspondence module when their credit in their balance goes low. This framework has been proposed as an innovative answer for the issue of reasonableness in utilities framework. Since a microcontroller based framework is being composed, the readings can be constantly recorded. This lessens human work and in the meantime builds the effectiveness in computation of bills for utilized power. Smart energy meters will bring an answer of making awareness on wastage of power and will have a tendency to lessen wastage of force. This module will lessen the weight of energy giving by building the connection effectively and no burglary of power will occur. VII.  Conclusion The outline of Smart Energy meter utilizing GSM innovation can make the clients to pay for the power before its utilization. Thusly, purchasers hold credit and afterward utilize the power until the credit is depleted. The off chance that the accessible credit is depleted then the power supply is curtailed off by a hand-off. A game plan is additionally made to close the client with the assistance of GSM correspondence module when their credit in their parity goes low. This framework has been proposed as a creative answer for the issue of moderateness in utilities framework. Since a microcontroller based framework is being planned, the readings can be persistently recorded. This lessens human work and in the meantime builds the productivity in estimation of bills for utilized power. Keen energy meters will bring an answer of making mindfulness on superfluous wastage of energy and will have a tendency to lessen wastage of energy. This module will decrease the weight of energy giving by securing the association effectively and no robbery of energy will occur. IX. Analysis The analysis performed on the project shows that it has the following features that makes it more advantageous . Improved operational efficiencies i.e.,the prepaid meters are likely to cut the cost of meter reading as no meter readers are required. In addition, they eliminate administrative hassles associated with disconnection and reconnection.. Better customer service:The system eliminates billing delay, removes cost involved in disconnection/reconnection, enables controlled use of energy, and helps customers to save money through better energy management. Power sector reforms:The upcoming competitive and customer focused deregulated power distribution market will force the market participants to make the existing metering and billing process more competent. This is likely to drive the prepaid market. Increasing non-technical losses:Metering errors, tampering with meters leading to low registration and calibration related frauds are some of the key components of non-technical losses. X. Result The images given below shows how the output will be displayed when the project is executed. The command prompt displays the respective messages to the registered number. LCD displaying the message (to recharge) LCD displaying successful recharge XI. References Ben Belghith, O.,Sbita, L. ,â€Å"Remote GSM module monitoring and Photovoltaic system control†, IEEE Green Energy, 2014 International Conference on March 2014. Punetha.D.,Mehta, V. ,â€Å"A Wireless Approach to Real Time Remote Monitoring System examining Environmental Parameters Using Feasibility of a GSM Module†,IEEE Advances in Engineering and Technology Research (ICAETR), 2014 International Conference on Aug 2014. Mohammad .N.,Barua, A. ; Arafat, M.A. ,â€Å"A smart prepaid energy metering system to control electricity theft†,IEEE Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013 International Conference on Feb. 2013. Song Lai-quan ,Sun Huai-yuan ; Zhou Yu-dong ; Ge Bin ,â€Å"New Design for Electronic Blood Pressure Monitor Based on GSM Module TC35i â€Å",IEEE Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), 2014 Sixth International Conference on Jan. 2014.

Censorship on the Internet :: essays research papers fc

During the past decade, our society has become based solely on the ability to move large amounts of information across large distances quickly. Computerization has influenced everyone's life. The natural evolution of computers and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global net allows a person to send E-mail across the world in mere fractions of a second, and enables even the common person to access information world-wide. With advances such as software that allows users with a sound card to use the Internet as a carrier for long distance voice calls and video conferencing, this network is key to the future of the knowledge society. At present, this net is the epitome of the first amendment: free speech. It is a place where people can speak their mind without being reprimanded for what they say, or how they choose to say it. The key to the world-wide success of the Internet is its protection of free speech, not only in America, but in other countries where free speech is not protected by a constitution. To be found on the Internet is a huge collection of obscene graphics, Anarchists' cookbooks and countless other things that offend some people. With over 30 million Internet users in the U.S. alone (only 3 million of which surf the net from home), everything is bound to offend someone. The newest wave of laws floating through law making bodies around the world threatens to stifle this area of spontaneity. Recently, Congress has been considering passing laws that will make it a crime punishable by jail to send "vulgar" language over the net, and to export encryption software. No matter how small, any attempt at government intervention in the Internet will stifle the greatest communication innovation of this century. The government wants to maintain control over this new form of communication, and they are trying to use the protection of children as a smoke screen to pass laws that will allow them to regulate and censor the Internet, while banning techniques that could eliminate the need for regulation. Censorship of the Internet threatens to destroy its freelance atmosphere, while wide spread encryption could help prevent the need for government intervention. The current body of laws existing today in America does not apply well to the Internet. Is the Internet like a bookstore, where servers cannot be expected to review every title? Is it like a phone company who must ignore what it carries because of privacy? Is it like a broadcasting medium, where the government

Steven Hawking :: essays papers

Steven Hawking Steven William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. He was always interested in science and how things worked. From about the age of 20, he was awarded a first class honors degree in Natural Sciences. After receiving his degree, Steven went to Cambridge, to do research on Cosmology. After receiving his Ph.D., he left the Institute of Astronomy and since then he has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. In the late 1960's, Steven proved that if general relativity is true and the Universe is expanding, a irregularity must have occurred at the birth of the Universe. In 1974, he first recognized a truly remarkable property of black holes, objects from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape. By taking into account quantum mechanics, he was able to show that black holes can radiate energy as particles are created in their vicinity. Dr. Hawking has also worked on the basic laws that govern the universe. With Rodger Penrose, he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have had a beginning in the "Big Bang", and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great scientific development of the first half of the 20th century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but it should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another speculation is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science. While studying at Oxford, Steven noticed that he was becoming rather clumsy during his first year. When he returned home one Christmas 1962, his mother persuaded him to go to the doctor. In 1963, he was diagnosed with ALS (Ameliotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or best known as the lou Gehrig's disease).This disease is progressive and slowly affects the nerves supplying all the muscles in the body. Dr. Hawking has several books, but his most prestigious feat may be "a Brief History of Time", which was published in 1988. When asked recently about his disability and other questions surrounding it he replied: "People are fascinated by the contrast between my very limited physical powers, and the vast nature of the universe I deal with. I'm the archetype of a disabled genius, or should I say a physically challenged genius, to be politically correct.

Bob Marley Musical Influence

Nesta Robert â€Å"Bob† Marley is known as being the father of reggae music. Bob Marley was the lead singer of the band The Wailers. He spread Jamaican music along with the Rastafari Movement worldwide. Marley brought the mystic power of reggae to the world and is called the Third World’s first pop superstar. He died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami, FL of melanoma. Even after his death, Marley remains a global symbol of freedom, peace, and justice, and his songs remain popular worldwide.Bob Marley was born in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, on February 6, 1945. Marley began playing music while he was still in school. When he was ten he moved to Kingston; it was there, in 1962, he recorded his first three songs, â€Å"Judge Not†, â€Å"Terror,† and â€Å"One Cup of Coffee. † These singles attracted very little attention. In 1963, Marley and a few others formed a ska band â€Å"The Teenagers,† which went through many names before finally sett ling at â€Å"The Wailers. † Ska music is a Jamaican interpretation of American R&B, with an accent on the offbeat.Bob, Bunny, and Peter were the core trio of the band. They wrote lyrics that told of the struggles the Jamaican poor experienced. The band gained local following fairly quickly, which lead them to incorporate dub, a reggae style of music with the drums and bass foundation in the forefront, in the 1970s. In early 1972, The Wailers were loaned 4,000 Euros to record a record produced by the London offices of Island Records. â€Å"Catch A Fire† was met with international media fanfare and a tour in the UK and US ensued.Their second album, â€Å"Burnin† was released in October 1973 and included such hits as â€Å"I Shot the Sheriff† and â€Å"Get Up Stand Up. † The single â€Å"I Shot the Sheriff† was one of their most widely known hits. Eric Clapton recorded a cover in 1974 which gained The Wailers a large fan base in the US. Bob Ma rley and The Wailers went on their final tour in 1980 that broke attendance records and sold out such venues as Madison Square Garden. Bob Marley’s final performance was September 23, 1980 at Stanley Theater in Pittsburgh, PA.The final album released in Marley’s lifetime, â€Å"Uprising,† was released in 1980 and made a connection to African-American listeners with the single â€Å"Could You Be Loved,† which fused reggae and disco to give a danceable sound. The Rastafari Movement was a key element in the development of reggae music, and Bob Marley was a member of this culture. Rasta is a spiritual movement that worships the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I. The spiritual use of cannabis and rejecting the western society are key themes upheld by the Rastafari Movement. Reggae music is said to have largely helped spread awareness of Rasta worldwide.Bob Marley was a key component in doing so. Marley is also known for having dreadlocks, which is a Rasta custom. They uphold that the bible warns against cutting hair; but not every Rasta has dreads, rather every Rasta has love in their heart and that is what sets them apart. Bob Marley was diagnosed with malignant melanoma in July of 1977, under one of his toenails. It was advised that Marley have his toe amputated, but he refused based upon religious beliefs. It was later confirmed this infection was a spreading of already existing cancer in Marley’s body.He continued touring despite being sick and shortly after the concert at Stanley Theater, became increasingly ill and attempted to fight the cancer using a controversial type of therapy based on avoiding certain substances. After eight months of unsuccessful therapy, Marley was set to return to Jamaica. Marley’s plane was forced to land in Miami, however, as his vitals worsened. The melanoma had spread to his lungs and brain, causing his death on May 11, 1981. He was 36 years old. Marley’s last words to his son, Ziggy, were â€Å"Money can’t buy life. †

Racism among Human Interactions Essay

This essay will shortly focus on cultural diversity as the basis behind racial discrimination; its impact and effects on my community. It is important before in-depth digging on this assignment to consider the subject of racism as first, a belief that radiates passion, capable of igniting different forms of action ranging from discrimination, bulling, oppression, wrong prejudice, violence among others. Racism in accordance to Oxford dictionary is an ideology that holds that a particular racial stratum is characterized with generic abilities or capabilities that is different from other cultural caucus. This specific characteristic is to other culture considered inferior or superior in its whole essence. Some other definitions for racism do hold fast that race is the fundamental identification of human inherent traits (Smedley & Brain 2005). The abilities thereof are a measure of racial dissimilarities that produce visible effect in assuming superiority to other racial groups (Merriam, n. d. ). In another author’s definition for racism, there is a pronouncement that human races possess distinct trait that predetermine their cultural orientation. The orientation thus follows that one’s race is superior and has a predetermined authority to lord control over other races (Macquarie). Legal description of the term racial discrimination according to the submit of U. N. Convention on Racial Discrimination Elimination in March 1966, â€Å"it shall be any form of separation, exclusion, refrain, or preference based on racial origin in terms of color, descendant, nationality, ethnic group which result in impairing or infringing an equality in recognition, exercise of fundamental human right to freedom in affairs such as political platform, socioeconomic, cultural or any other diasporas in life. † British law describes racism as a concept implying the definition as a particular society in terms of their â€Å"nationality, color, ethnic, race or citizenship. A sociologist, David Wellman in 1993 thus defined racism as a cultural convention that defends Whites’ superiority owing to the incapacitated position of the derelict minorities. Feagin, a former president of American Sociological Association, submits recently in a â€Å"theory of racial oppression† in the U. S. , that the White Americans intentionally create and circulate a system of racial discrimination that has presently uncontrollable eaten deep the bone of their society. Major institutions are built on racial segregations in a non accidental manner but direct arrangement. Feagin recognizes that the operating racial system over decades have taken some forms of change, contending that there has been a significant reproduce of elemental seed of racism. The seed is a reflection of the present day’s â€Å"racial hierarchical institutions as far back as seventeenth century. The present day racial witnesses should be fast traced beyond the peripheral but seen as a rather infiltrating, and interconnected phenomenon that cut cross diverse social groups and establishments among the society. Feagin’s view is in contrast to the assumption that racism is more of an attitude or a kind of irrational bigotry that is independent of social organization. This assumption is supported by the psychologist. Human Racism within Neighborhood in my community It is a sad experience to stay in a habitation among the people of unlike minds who do not for any reason believe that men are born equal, be it white or black, Negro or others. It is rather more saddened that there is a constant atmosphere of insecurity to live among people whose signals of dealings with them constantly radiate hatred and disregard of high caliber. Where else does one needs to find rest if not home among neighborhoods? But the neighborhoods are soaked in an aura of perpetual dislike for color, for nationality and for genealogy order than the White they are. This is exemplified in a scenario when there was a call for a meeting to decide the fate of security our community one weekend. The leader do not border inviting a particular black and therefore, erroneously perceiving his opinion may not count but would rather give a second to the best of taught. And even peradventure, should he surpass every expectation; the White race would feel embarrassed and inferior. The leader presumes this may generate a violent attack and it would be in the interest of the community to live out his contribution as black. This is grossly unfair to humanity and the entire race of mankind. I doubt if the lower animals base their condemnation (if only it exists at all) on racism, how come we claim to be a better one called homo sapiens – I hope scientists will re-evaluate man as a social been. Human racism within Service groups and workplace in my community Service groups majorly constitute the White Americans. The cultural diversity is part and par sues of everyday dealings. It all began from the employment process. The communities around me often times neglect high level of hospitality to Black workers and extend apathy even in recruitment process. One researcher named, Dean Karlan with Marianne once found among a study conducted in 2003, that the extent of racial discrimination among people in workplaces is demoralizing. They discovered that people whose names where trace to black genealogy were more than fifty percent likely not to be shortlisted for the second phase of interview when they apply for a similar job with the Whites. This result is one out of the numerous societal biases forming a giant procedural method in application for job where cultural diversity triumph. I supposed securing job should rather be of intellectual competence and acumen instead of racial introduction that may corrupt the seed of greatness towards achieving the employing institution’s mission statement and its objectives. Despite the fact that blacks in this community can barely afford a day hospital bill without insurance, they are mostly faced with the major health hazard at workplace without a corresponding compensation to make up for the risk of life involved. This could be traced down to the aged fought battle on black slavery. The white society would rather hide under the canopy of existing racial system and enslave fellow mankind. I wonder where the world is heading to at this age long civilization era. If I could be opportune to effect any change in my community, I will gladly revisit this aspect of racial diversity and treat all men equally at workplace. The means of livelihood is a sensitive part of one’s live. That should not be negotiated for any racial operating system in a society with diverse culture. It should be left undiluted as this would be an eventual benefit to the company if nothing but just excellence is the sole key for employment. The disparity in the salary scale I would balance once an individual can prove his or her worth irrespective of the cultural diversity. Human racism within clubs, local governments, and schools The extension of induction to the minority black in my community for a cooperative cohabitation in a club is not a known issue but a taboo. Blacks rather form one in their own minority shell. Members of the club benefit in no small ways. They are treated equal and one among themselves. This makes it possible for numerous assistances members’ enjoy at either on an occasion or whenever there arise the need to give moral or/and financial support. The unity covers the shame of fellow individuals in the club. An applicant into the club of different race suffers these whole benefits even though he lives within this people. The psychological trauma is enough to initiate mental disturbance, mania, depression and bipolar syndrome (some psychiatric diseases) owing to a huge sense of delineation and alien among fellow human being. The presence of cultural diversity among schools at all levels of studies is certain. Students from different homes prefer one school to the others. Privilege to attend is denied by the prevailing racial discrimination. The racial prejudice begins when some school authorities reject applications from people of a particular nationality. At times, the low socioeconomic income of a racialized group of people dictates where to send their children for schooling and not a direct rejection. All tends to same racism resulting from cultural diversity. Other form of racism within exists among the students themselves. We have heard cases where a student arose on a red morning and began to shoot sporadically into the air. Over thirty six casualties were recorded. This man was a black who felt injured by cumulative experience of racial discrimination. Conclusion The people in leadership position often times play a lip service to this very sensitive issue of unfair racial human interactions as a result of cultural diversity. Concerning leaders in my community, we do quite share the same believe that one must be very careful in an attempt to resolve the ideas of inequality birthed from cultural diversity. One example is the record of black massacre in South Africa. The killing in this region in a part is due to an overwhelming dominance of Black Africans playing key roles in the economy of the country. I do disagree that there is no way to resolve it permanently. Military enforcement in a way may assist in ensuring adherence to laws pertaining to racial discrimination among societies with diverse culture. There should be gradual introduction of minority interest for the sake of balancing the democracy we practice though with caution to avoid undue attention and popularity. Government installation should be enforced by the legislature to base campaign in a way to effect eradication of racism in communities. When men of icon in the society openly campaign for racial equality, their loyal supporters would reason with them and change. The impact of media is one of the most essential tools in correcting the society for racial discrimination. Some media publicize the goods of the white and the ugly of the black. Media staff should try playing neutrality and conducting themselves in a professional manner, sharing my idea to contribute in eradicating the obnoxious outcomes resulting from cultural diversity. References Feagin, Joe R. (2006). Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression. NY: Routledge. Feagin, Joe R. (2000). Racist America: Roots, Current Realities, and Future Reparations. NY: Routledge. Allen, Theodore. (1994). ‘The Invention of White Race†. Volume 1, London, UK. Smedley and Brian D. (2005) â€Å"Race as Biology if Fiction, Racism as a Social Problem is Real. † American Psychologist 60: 16-30. Cazenave, Noel A. and Darlene Alvarez Maddern. 1999. â€Å"Defending the White Race: White Male Faculty Opposition to a White Racism Course. † Race and Society. http://www. rohan. sdsu. edu/%7Ergison/againstracism. htm. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.

Guns in School Essay

There should be no guns in class room. Because it may cause more violence in the school and cause more school shootings. Kids may find the gun and use it against others. Also some younger kids may feel threatened with a gun in the class room. However assuming that any teacher and kid would not go on a killing spree yes it could be a good idea, but considering most school shooting are caused by children/teens it is not a logic idea. We do not need more guns in schools I personally think that we need less guns in schools these days. There is no valid reason for there to be guns in schools unless it is owned by a police officer. Guns in schools lead to negative things and it should not happen. Say you have a fresh-faced, doe-eyed new teacher, 22 years old and starting their first day as a teacher. Now you’ve handed them a firearm and tell them that they have to have this gun with them at all times. Now the teacher might have a background with guns and be OK with that, but maybe they don’t. Perhaps they’re one of these ‘pansy liberals’ that get so much flack in the circles that think they should be armed. Well this teacher now has to make a decision, should they carry a gun on themselves and be forced to keep the student at arms length, thus hampering the learning environment, or should they simply let a multitude of kids get right up against the weapon? Well obviously we shouldn’t be giving kids the opportunity to get at the weapon, and we don’t want to hamper the learning experience, so let’s give the teacher a gun safe to put it in. Now a few months pass and this safe is opened once or twice to check on the gun, because after all gun violence is still very minimal in the US despite what people on FB might shout. However this safe has to be readily available so that the teacher can get to it in times of emergency, but that means it’s also readily available to curious and mischievous kids too. A kid will find a way to get into any locked compartment if they are determined to. Anyone who thinks this isn’t the case hasn’t been around kids. So now we have a kid with a gun, maybe the kid shoots a friend, maybe themselves, maybe the teacher. The point is this policy introduced the capability for gun violence. Now of course you can argue that ‘good’ kids wouldn’t do this. And maybe you’re right, but the schools that people always say are most in need for this sort of thing (impoverished, urban, etc) are also those that have the highest amount of children with various mental and behavioral disabilities. If you really think that it is a good idea to bring a gun into a classroom to ‘protect’ students, you haven’t been in a classroom in a long time, or you’re still an ignorant child.